1) tight valves clearance,2)faulty injection pump,3)malfunctioning of injection nozzles,4)air charger leakages,5)stuffed air filter element.
1. Timing may be retarded . 2. Camshaft or other gears in the valve train incorrectly positioned. 3. Excessive turbo pressure. 4 Engine load excessive. 5. Fuel adulterated with gasoline or other substance. 6. Injector nozzles defective. 7. Engine thermostat may need to be replaced with one that opens at 10+ degrees cooler. 8. Excessive exhaust pressure due to faulty EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) valve, catalytic converter plugged,or muffler/exhaust pipe obstructed. 9. Exhaust valve(s) burnt/bent or out of adjustment. 10. Engine starved for fuel.